Social Networking and Social Media

Social Networking and Social Media includes articles on online community organizing through social networks such as MySpace, Facebook, Twitter and LiveJournal; user-centered campaigns enabled by social media such as YouTube and Flickr; and cultivating online communities and building movements centered on user participation.

Organizing Rather than Mobilizing: Using Social Networks for Constituency-Building

For the Genocide Intervention Network, involvement in the "social web" is really an outgrowth of our entire mission: To form the first anti-genocide constituency, and to empower our members with the tools to prevent and stop genocide. The words "constituency" and "empower" are key. We're not simply looking for a mailing list or an ATM — we want an educated, active movement of people interested in preventing and stopping genocide. Our members need to be able to think for themselves on the issue, not to simply be another name on a list, but to be a hub in an ever-expanding network.

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The theory of bottom-up social networking

“Offering concrete ideas for how to solve a seemingly insurmountable problem can give people a sense that they, as individuals, have a stake in an issue. The Genocide Intervention Network links to a list of ‘ten things you can do to stop genocide.‘ Ivan Boothe argues that these steps, broken down into easily digestible chunks, give people an easy way to participate. Although they also link to the Genocide Intervention Network's main web site, that isn't always the point. ‘A number of these steps aren't even within our organization,’ Boothe says. This sort of advocacy is similar to bottom-up, open-source collaborative projects like Wikipedia, in which no one group has proprietary ownership over an idea or a product; instead, the goal is a constant generation of awareness and ideas. A MySpace page, says Boothe, isn't simply an advertisement for an organization, ‘it's a tool for mobilizing people for different kinds of action.’”

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Can blogging stop genocide?

The Genocide Intervention Network is a nonprofit based in DC that is a little more than two years old. We began as a student group at Swarthmore College with an idea: to change the way the world responds to genocide. As a result of our origins as a student group, we have a strong history in using online social networking and viral campaigns, and this continues even as we branch out into other constituencies. In our first year of existence, we raised a quarter-million dollars for peacekeepers in Darfur — the only NGO to raise money for protection rather than humanitarian aid — primarily through student networks, both actual and virtual.

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Using social news sites to promote advocacy campaigns

8 July 2007

I'm also highlighting this because it is a terrific example of using social news sites like Digg and Reddit to promote a cause ... I had (wrongly) assumed that getting to the top of social news sites was a matter of dumb luck or that if something went viral. But there's strategy involved and a tool to help you execute it.

Beth is talking about the Genocide Intervention Network's use of Collactive, a software plug-in that helps automate some types of social news and social media advocacy campaigns. Collactive features GI-NET as a case study for promoting buried news and mobilizing members. The key thing to remember is that this was an easy, tangible campaign for our supporters to participate in — "get this important news more attention!" — and that even if we hadn't been successful it would have been an effective method for engaging our members.

When you're aiming for a huge goal like stopping genocide, it's important to give supporters those small victories!

Facebook: Still useful, still not a billboard

4 May 2008

Those groups that have found advocacy success on Facebook tend to adopt an approach that USES the one-on-one nature of the site. As one small example, I spoke to a group of pro-choice activists a few weeks ago, many of whom work with students on college campuses. When I asked how Facebook fit into their work, the overwhelming response was that it was essentially an email replacement — they employed Facebook messages to reach individual supporters or small groups of supporters when they were preparing for events or promoting a particular message. The Genocide Intervention Network demonstrates a much more comprehensive and strategic approach but the same basic idea: as Ivan Boothe wrote last year.

Note that Ivan is describing something very different than traditional mass communications: he’s talking about working closely (no doubt frequently one-on-one) with people on Facebook and other networking sites over a long period of time to help build a cadre of very committed activists — something that most electoral campaigns (and even most issue advocacy campaigns) simply can’t do, whether because of lack of time or lack of resources.

Colin Delaney's article, "Has Facebook Jumped the Shark as a Political Tool?," references my article on organizing rather than mobilizing — that social networking is about communication, not finding another way to pump your supporters for donations or signatures on a petition. This might be particularly challenging for all but the largest and tech-savvy electoral campaigns (as Chris Hughes, now of my.BarackObama.com, would know). For extraparliamentary activism, though, it's still a powerful tool for meeting your supporters where they are and organizing them into long-term social movements.

PBS: 'Social Networks and ... Genocide'

18 February 2008

The group ... uses social networking to call its members to action. A targeted campaign of Facebook messages in Indiana netted a large number of students willing to call Sen. Richard Lugar's top donors (a list of which was uploaded from opensecrets.org) and ask them to pressure the senator to approve a bill on Darfur he was holding in his committee.

Interview on 'bottom-up' social networking from Personal Democracy Forum

4 December 2006

Offering concrete ideas for how to solve a seemingly insurmountable problem can give people a sense that they, as individuals, have a stake in an issue. The Genocide Intervention Network links to a list of "ten things you can do to stop genocide." Ivan Boothe argues that these steps, broken down into easily digestible chunks, give people an easy way to participate. Although they also link to the Genocide Intervention Network's main web site, that isn't always the point. "A number of these steps aren't even within our organization," Boothe says. This sort of advocacy is similar to bottom-up, open-source collaborative projects like Wikipedia, in which no one group has proprietary ownership over an idea or a product; instead, the goal is a constant generation of awareness and ideas. A MySpace page, says Boothe, isn't simply an advertisement for an organization, "it's a tool for mobilizing people for different kinds of action."

Joshua Levy's article at PDF articulates the "rules for using MySpace" derived from his interviews with me and with Scott Goodstein, another online organizer who has done some amazing work. I wrote more extensively about the issues raised in this interview in my blog posting, "The theory of bottom-up social networking."

Resource: Apophenia

Sociological research and commentary on the use of social networks like MySpace, Facebook, LiveJournal, Xanga and YouTube by teenagers in the United States. danah boyd is a PhD candidate at the University of California Berkeley and a fellow at Harvard's Berkman Center for Internet and Society.

Resource: Beth's Blog: How Nonprofits Can Use Social Media

"A place to capture and share ideas, experiment with and exchange links and resources about the adoption challenges, strategy, and ROI of nonprofits and social media." Beth Kanter explores the social use by nonprofits of images (e.g., Flickr), video (YouTube) and microblogs (Twitter), among other technologies.

Resource: NetSquared

NetSquared is a community of nonprofits and groups who are using technology — especially social networks and social media — for social change. In addition to the blog, NetSquared sponsors gatherings in many cities called Net Tuesdays, as well as an annual NetSquared conference.

Tool: Social Networking ROI Calculator

Is it worth it to integrate a comprehensive social networking strategy into your newest campaign? Should you devote staff time to creating MySpace and Facebook pages or just rely on your email list? Care2's "Return on Investment" calculator for social networking will help you make the case — or convince you to focus elsewhere.